Elastic-fluid turbine.



N0' 8461571- PATENTEDMAR. 12,4 1907 z H KEVORKIAN.

ELASTIG FLUID-TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2, 190B;

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' INVENTDR VI'EESSES ,ffm/16M,

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lll HI! .PATENTEDMAR.12,` 19o?. Z. HA KEYORKIAN.-` L l y H BLASTIG' FLUIDI'URBINEl x 1 ArrLroATriILnn rms. 190e.

INVENTDR WITNE S SES PATENTBD MAR. 12, 1907 zg H. KEVORKIAN. l A- BLASTIG FLUID TURBIN'B.

APPLICATION FILED FEJLZ. 1906.

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\. .2. VENTDR c`=c for the trasferjof thefsteam from thelower UNITED Asinergias* PATENT oFFioF.

zAREH H. KFvoFKIAN, oF FiTTsBURG, FFNNsYLvANIA.\

N e.'s4e,571. sp'eifiea'ciorip of Ltter'sraati :attentati:ivi-area12,1907.` i ".f-rplibativnfiled-Fehmarn,1906. sentir. 299.1331, i

Toti/ZZ whom it mwyjcmwern: ionpf oneof'the, nozzle :Beit known that ZAREHH. KEvonnIAN, .il Figs.` 6?, 6","f and 6 aref ad a. citizen of the UnitedA States, residingat tthissgnozzlaFig., abe'ing a Y'Pittsburgin the countyy of; Allegheny andl mainportionof thenozzle 5 StatefofPennsylvania, have invented certain`; are sectionspffthernai Lo, 10,1

new and useful Improvements in Elasticf Aat the linesindicated n Fluid Turbines, of whichv the following is af 1 -of -the rotary turbinefvvheelsonfan enlarged v full, clear, andlexact description, reference scale andlooking towardits centers Figja` being 5 had to the accompanying drawings, is a side view of the. latter figure'partly insecf` .6 5 xo forming apart of this speciiicaticn. tion. Fig.` 8 lshovsfsjone yof `the detailsof the l.

f 'This invention relates tol multiple-stage wheel separated from4 they latter. qFig elasticeiiuid turbinesadapted Itoeither horil and 8b are'diii'erent views ofthesaine" Vet l Fig. 9 is an enlarged'partial section j zon'tal or vertical construction, ,but preferably the latter, which is-showmfor'economy tion of Fig. 7a.

of vhoor-space. fi zii= y `I will first describe theL The invention has for its object to provide operation of the means in -a turbine of this typean organization of cally constant speed under variationof load. parts whereby simplicity, compactness, prac- At Grl is the base'plate,` represejnftetlfffas ticability of operation, and economy in normounted upon a f oundationilrovided with "75 zo mal cost, operation,l and `Hoor-.space are 0b.- arches, oneof which., is for t Ve' s`tairs2, lead?" tained.` .i y ing from the floorof the ,building tjo elo'wthe Thevarious scopes. of.-'inventioh are atturbine, Where the regulating appaV iscan tended to in the claims 1 be `attended to." `'AriitlaerZar "bfi g'lfhegeneralitypeioft-rbine consists of a. steam-pipe 3.a, anotherfo'r base-plate fcrmingfpart ofthe exhaust-space, 19, while a fourth may" a 'inlurality ofA assembled"andsuperposed an-` sired purpose. y

nular chambers for different stages of steam- 3 represents the valv ressureyrotar 'turbinelwheels therein, bolts itself is not shown, but oldingsaid'c amberstog'ether, an annular 25. 'The valv'e-chestfi 3o shell surrounding said chambers and se-y base-plate GJ, At the; yer Venel o.

" cured to\said baselplate;` a'cover for the bine-shaft' 5 is a centrifugal.'shaft-'zD chambers attached to said shell, ports and whose movable stems bearingjagainst nozzles for admitting steam to one ofthe cenone of the armsof a v.bentlever7 ,pivotedgon va tral turbine-wheels,` nozzles for leading the bracket 8,ext`ending from. the steam-chest'. 9C 3'5"erhaust-steamvfroin fsaid ycentral' turbina. At 9 isa spring frkeepi gfth ve -`'7 in wheelflboth to'thei'next succeeding wheel contact with thestenr; l albovejand below said ."central wheel, and, ,Y A cover l() is provide7 y other ports for fleading thesteam succes- 11 is anadfiustingscnw sivcly to highervandlowerwheels. justment to the point of co 4'o` i fwiil now describe the construction by A, lever 7 and the stem,6:.

'r eference to the drawings. An emergncy-governpr p p Figure l isa plan of the, assembled oharn-` fr'oma bracK t 14, is actuatedby a pinion 12 bers, fthe cover 'of the turbinebeing omitted. on the shaft! 5 through v the,medium off the lig. 23s a vertical sectional view on the line large speedfelducing gearfwl-reell.; ncase T G0 B C, showing-.especially the passages and lthe centrifugal shaft-,gever or breaks down l i'orts, as far as they can-be seen in ia single and the turbine races nsequence` the -"figure,jandatheiletlandl exhaust pipes. Fig, emergency 01,1* safetyg `l1,5'.`zsf1,l,l,fact as 3 is a lvertical section taken on the line C l), a substitute. Other-a ages follovfrom showing especiallythepassages and ports exianipple,"V the 105 y padjusted 't'o the i suspen end vof the turbine toffnearzfthenpper end. l cause'this.governorf ,-hFigAis a horizontal'section on heline EFyebyj acting-jointlyth seenin Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 5 is a plan'ofthe.lfisigfor actuating A, base-plate' seeninFigs. Zand 3, s lowing esl-11., .crumedon therbraclget nd `ayinga u F519 peciall'ytheflocationjof theinlet and exhaustt27r,wbearing onthe ung, A de o the lever 7,

f po'ts.- Fig. Y6 is an enlarged horizontalfsec which is pivoted-toithelsem 25 he'end of f il" roller 1 1o the lever 16, 'acted upon by the governor 15,'y

and' 15. Vhen the speed varies, not only does the quantity of steam admitted vary by the action of the governors, but the back pressure at the exhaust also varies. valve 20 is providedwith a stem 23, a retractile spring 24, and an operating bent levei 22, which is pivoted to the frame 21. Normally the lever 22 is pressed-'against the adjustiiig-nut l1 by the action of the spring 24. When the lever 7' of the governors 4 and 15, the valve 20 is operated. The condenser is shown at 19,-join Aing the pipe 19. i The turbine proper consists of a plurality of dished sectionsnamely, a double-dished middle section 29 with an air-jacket L, two siiperposed duplicate dished sections 30 and 31, a like but inverted dished section 28h, being a duplicate of the section'` 30 -or 31 and located under the section 29, the sections 28h,

dished section 31, acting as a cover for the top section 31, a dished section 28 below the section 28h, and bolts X for tying the sections together rigidly.` The WholeV body of s ections is supported upon the top of a dished cover 28, projecting upward from the baseplate G. The top section 31Il contains in its concavity a wheel Ha, provided .with buckets 30, j and 31 also having air-jackets La, a'

h. There is also a rotary turbine-wheel H in each one of the` other sections above and below the. central section 29, while the central section 29 has .a rotary bucket-wheel H. The wheel Ha is for utilizing the residual steam-pressure when a condenser is einployed, and therefore the provision of this wheel converts the turbine into either a condensing o .non-condensi steam-trubine, as will be u derstood from further detail explanations. A shell 32 surrounds the sections heretofore named at a suicient distance to leave steam-passages K and K and is fastened by stud-bolts to the base-plate G. An annularly-dished cover A is supported on top of the shell 32. The chamberK is a dividedoff portion ofthe chamber K forthe purpose of insulating the hot steam from the exhaust. The valve-'chest 3 communicates directly and permanently with a port 42 in the section 28 and then wlth a port 43 in the section 28h, then with nozzles 40 is hollow to form a steam-chamber containin@r the bucket-wheel H. Then the steam divides, one portion passing downward to noz- The is actuated by one or both l' in the section 29 which f .slots 50a by. pins lzlesn 40 in the section 28h, then to the next there being only two bucket-wheels kbelow the wheel HVwhile there are three bucketwheels above the wheel HQ After the steam hasA exhausted from the lowest wheel H it passesthrough a port 46 in thesection 28,

then through a port 46 in the 'section.28b, then through a port 46 in the section 30, then through a port 46 in the' section 31,`then through a port M, also in the sectionl 31, where the steam passes through the nozzles vin the section 31, thereby joining the steam which passed from the wheel H to the wheels above the latter, the two supplies of steam meeting just before they reach the nozzles "40 in the section 31a. Then the steam exhausts through theI chamber K and the exhaustpipe 19. Above and below the bucket-wheel H are steam-spaces J, and the next lower wheel H is between the steam-spaces J and J, and similarly there are steam-spaces above and below each ofthe wheels. A 41 represents the walls,

there being one between every two steam-chambers.

These walls are portions of the dished sections hereinbefore mentioned. The top wheel H"i l J, boundedabove by the cover A and below bythe highest wall 41. The lowest wheel is in a chamber formed by the section 28a and the lowest wall 41. `1

Because of successively e decreasing steampressures, both as the steam travels to the upper part of the turbineand as it travels to is in the steam-chainb er the lower part of the turbine, the number of nozzles for successive wheels above and rbelow the wheel H increases. This feature is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4. There are only two nozzles shown in the latter figure for the wheel H', while there are five nozzles show in Fig. 1 for the uppermost wheel H.

Fig. -6 shows an enlarged section ofthe.-

a circular opening at' A nozzles'. They have the admission end. This opening changes to a section of practically a rectangular' shape at the exit end, as seen at 40"*1 in Figs. 6a and 6b. The rectan lar exit is slightly larger in. area than the .circular inlet, whereby .a desired velocity of the motive. fluid while discharging maybe obtained. 4 i

' I will now describe the construction ofthey buckets.

Semicylindrical slots -50a are formed ob. liquely in the periphery of each Wheel. (See, or`example,whee1 H in Fig. 7.) `Blocks 5 0, having defiecting-surfaces 50b and 50c meeting at a point 50d, are fixed in the respective 52, which pas's through the i 54 rests against a the shoulder 55a duced. primarily ical sockets fori 'in said blocks'. f "The means for holding the' iiis in, in each hole for` any `pinl an' eiilarged counter-` bore at the inner :end containing'a ball-52.A The inner-end off'tlie pin 52" is upset, `forming a ilange 52h, extending in i n 53. `'llie pin 5,2211 receiving said ball.

by, forcibly 52 yfor upsetting the end pin of the pin, the

instance, Vi's as follows: Thel I tliefcounterbore a LGO ntersunk end'fcr `The flange 52b is "piof Y drivingin the.

countorsunk `openingin the pin being origi,`

nally smaller than the ball.

The \stepjournal 55 rests against fthe shoulder 55a at the end of the s'ha'ft 5,said journal having a tapered end tofit the hub 54 of the lowest bucket-wheel H. The hub flange '56, formed on the journal 55, which is keyed on the shaft 5,

which carries doubly-conical spacing-collars ybetween the bucketwheels, which have con-` recelving` the"`ends of said' collars. l 5S are split 'rings' of 'antifriction-metal `packing fitted to .the collars. 57 and 'placed ttedto vthe eenin split rings 59 and snugly ter bores of the walls 41, thus preventing leakage of steam from one stageto another. The rings 59 aref (ile of' anyv Well-known material which will expand more than the l material having the bores 1n which said rings iit, thereby producing tighter joints. at a high temperature. l

A At the upper end of the turbine is another ste`pjournal 55 similar to the journal 55. The upper journal carries at its end a coupling 60, which is held in place by a nut 61 on the shaft 5. Besides this the nut 6l. holds together the rotating parts. as a unit. The tightening o'l' the nut 61 acts, finally, against formed on the shaft 5.

Theshaft 5, the collars 57 and the hubs 54 should be constructed of such materials `as prevent any elongation of the shaft rela tively to the said collars and rubs -at increased temperatures. f

62 is the part ofthe coupling which is attached to the shaft 62a of any machine which is to be driven by the turbine. I represents the supports for said machine.

The base-plate Gr and top cover A carry bearing-housings 33 and 34, respectively, and are of similar construction, being made in. halves to facilitate ing of the split step-bearings 35 and 36. Each bearing-housing is provided with an annular space 53a, forming a jacket around the entire bearing for the circulation of cold water around the same, the pipe connections being at 37 and 38. brication. l

i The pipes 39 are for ludensed steam corresponding the pressures are lower steam-chambers where the same. rlhus, 'for exthe convenient replac 'wheelsf I `turbine-wheel, and means 'for ample, the pipe I9 delivers any` .condensed steam-'from the steam-chamber next above the section'29 to t'hesteam-cha1n'ber next below the section 29. The nozzles 40' in the section 2S carry tliewatei, tcgetherwiththe steam, into the chamber JH.; serves# to carry `the w the chamber Js* The pipe 49 aterptoa trap 49 from inve'nti'cn-r` l., Y l. ln a turbine, 'the :combination oi", a plurality o'l" assembled and superposod Chambers for di'll'er'ent stages oi" steam-pressure, a rotary turbine-wheel in` each chamber, means i'ior delivering ste-,uur to one ol the central wheels, and means iordeli'vering. the eX-f haustfsteani from said e wheels both. above and below' entral wheel to the-ffid central 2. ln a turbine, the combination'ol,a `succession chanibe steam-pressure, a rot each chamber, means rs for diil'erent stages o" turlnne-wlieel l .in lorI delivering. steam toA the central whe-el, means for .delii'eruig L steam from said central .wheel successively to the wheels on each side thereof, and means for conducting the exhaust-steam utromlt'lu last wheel on` one side otsaid central wheel. and for delivering it=tothclast wheelon 'tlA other side oi" said central wheel.` l

3. ln a turbine, the combination oi' aisnecession ot' chaniibers @for dillerent ystages 3., of steam-pressure, each chamber, means for delivering steam to the central wheel, an extra chamber with its delivering steam to said extra turbine-whecl from the extreme turbine-wheels lirst mentioned.

a rotaryturbinefwheel in 4. ln a turbine, the combination of a base-Y plate, a plurality of assembled. and contiguous annular chambers for diiierent stages ci' steam-pressure, rotary turbinem'heels therein, bolts holding said chambers together, an annular shell surrounding said chambers and secured to said 'baselate, a cover for th chambers attached to said shell, ports and nozzles for admitting steam to one ol the central `turbine wheels, an annular airjacket surrounding each chamber, I and means for conducting the steam from the central turbine-wheel successively to those wheels which are above and below the same.

5.ln a turbine, the combination of a pl'u-4 rality of assembled and contiguous annular chambers 'for di'il'erent stages of steampressure, rotary turbine-wheels therein, ports and nozzles for admitting steam to the central turbine-wheel, means for conducting the steam from the central wheel to the wheels above and below the same, and pipes for the 'escape of the condensed stea.in l'rom the up' per chambers to those respective lower chambers where the same pressures prevail.

6. In a turbine the combination of an annular section 29, having an air-jacket sur rounding the saine, and having a central opening, a--turbine-Wheel in said opening,

dished sections with surrounding air-jackets on each sidcvofsaid section 29, a turbinewheel in each (lished section, bolts holding allsections together, a base-plate, a shell surrounding all sections and secured to' said entrance. of said depression tothe respective sides of the depression, and a pin jin said vvheel for holding said block in said depression.

S. In a turbine, the combination of a wheel having a semicylindrical depression oblique to the peripheral surface thereof, a steam-dividing block in said Adepression having surfaces curving from the center ofthe entrance of said depression to the respective sides of the depression, and a pin in said Wheel for holding Said block al Said depression, Said Wheel having a hole with an enlarged bore at 4the inner end, and said pin having. a flange which protrudes into said bore.

9. In a turbine, the combination of turbinewheels, hubs therefor, having sockets, a

shaft, a shoulder thereon at the lower end, a step-journal having a tapered end for fitting into vthe socket of the lowestwheel, a iiange on the journal, the hub of the lowest Wheel resting on said flange, doubly conical spacing-.

collars keyed on said shaft between said hubs and fitting in the respective sockets, turbine-sections throu h which Ipass said collars, packing-rings etween said collars and the material of said sections.

10. In a turbine, the combination of rotary turbine -wheels, collars, a shaft assing through said collars and Wheels, an being of less linear eX ansion by heat than the collars and Whee s, and means for clamping the collars and Wheels together, the collars being `ke ed toand the Wheels being loose on said shafl; before being clam ed.

In testimony v'x'fhe'reofv I a X in the' presence of two Witnesses.

-V/'itnessesz y ALBERT H. MOORE, HARRY SUssER.

my signature ZAREH H. KEVQRKIAN. 

